SEED Subsystems in Escherichia coli ECRC100

Subsystems are shown if they have at least one gene assigned to them. Because many roles are assigned to more than one subsystem, the subsystem may not be present even if the gene annotation(s) are correct.

Category Subsystem #Genes
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Alanine, serine, and glycine Alanine biosynthesis 6
  Glycine Biosynthesis 3
  Glycine and Serine Utilization 20
  Glycine cleavage system 5
  Serine Biosynthesis 5
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Arginine; urea cycle, polyamines Arginine Biosynthesis extended 10
  Arginine Deiminase Pathway 5
  Arginine and Ornithine Degradation 31
  Cyanophycin Metabolism 1
  Polyamine Metabolism 29
  Urea decomposition 7
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Aromatic amino acids and derivatives Aromatic amino acid degradation 3
  Chorismate: Intermediate for synthesis of PAPA antibiotics, PABA, anthranilate, 3-hydroxyanthranilate and more. 5
  Chorismate Synthesis 13
  Common Pathway For Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds (DAHP synthase to chorismate) 13
  Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Branches from Chorismate 4
  Tryptophan synthesis 6
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Branched-chain amino acids Branched-Chain Amino Acid Biosynthesis 17
  Isoleucine degradation 4
  Ketoisovalerate oxidoreductase 1
  Leucine Biosynthesis 7
  Leucine Degradation and HMG-CoA Metabolism 1
  Valine degradation 4
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Glutamine, glutamate, aspartate, asparagine; ammonia assimilation Glutamate dehydrogenases 1
  Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate and Asparagine Biosynthesis 19
  Glutamine synthetases 1
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Histidine Metabolism Histidine Biosynthesis 8
  Histidine Degradation 1
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Lysine, threonine, methionine, and cysteine Cysteine Biosynthesis 16
  Lysine Biosynthesis DAP Pathway 10
  Lysine degradation 4
  Methionine Biosynthesis 22
  Methionine Degradation 9
  Methionine Salvage 1
  Threonine anaerobic catabolism gene cluster 13
  Threonine and Homoserine Biosynthesis 11
  Threonine degradation 3
Amino Acids and Derivatives : Proline and 4-hydroxyproline Proline, 4-hydroxyproline uptake and utilization 4
  Proline Synthesis 4
Carbohydrates Lacto-N-Biose I and Galacto-N-Biose Metabolic Pathway 1
  Unknown sugar utilization (cluster yphABCDEFG) 8
Carbohydrates : Aminosugars Chitin and N-acetylglucosamine utilization 6
  N-Acetyl-Galactosamine and Galactosamine Utilization 13
Carbohydrates : CO2 fixation Calvin-Benson cycle 14
  Carboxysome 3
  Photorespiration (oxidative C2 cycle) 15
Carbohydrates : Central carbohydrate metabolism Dihydroxyacetone kinases 3
  Entner-Doudoroff Pathway 16
  Glycolate, glyoxylate interconversions 2
  Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis 20
  Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis, including Archaeal enzymes 14
  Methylglyoxal Metabolism 5
  Pentose phosphate pathway 12
  Pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase 1
  Pyruvate Alanine Serine Interconversions 10
  Pyruvate metabolism I: anaplerotic reactions, PEP 9
  Pyruvate metabolism II: acetyl-CoA, acetogenesis from pyruvate 11
  TCA Cycle 17
Carbohydrates : Di- and oligosaccharides Beta-Glucoside Metabolism 6
  Fructooligosaccharides(FOS) and Raffinose Utilization 3
  Lactose and Galactose Uptake and Utilization 14
  Lactose utilization 7
  Maltose and Maltodextrin Utilization 34
  Melibiose Utilization 3
  Sucrose utilization 3
  Sucrose utilization Shewanella 1
  Trehalose Biosynthesis 5
  Trehalose Uptake and Utilization 9
Carbohydrates : Fermentation Acetoin, butanediol metabolism 6
  Acetyl-CoA fermentation to Butyrate 10
  Butanol Biosynthesis 9
  Fermentations: Lactate 3
  Fermentations: Mixed acid 21
Carbohydrates : Glycoside hydrolases Predicted carbohydrate hydrolases 3
Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides D-Galacturonate and D-Glucuronate Utilization 22
  D-Sorbitol(D-Glucitol) and L-Sorbose Utilization 9
  D-Tagatose and Galactitol Utilization 8
  D-galactarate, D-glucarate and D-glycerate catabolism 8
  D-galactonate catabolism 1
  D-gluconate and ketogluconates metabolism 9
  D-ribose utilization 11
  Deoxyribose and Deoxynucleoside Catabolism 7
  Fructose utilization 12
  Hexose Phosphate Uptake System 7
  L-Arabinose utilization 10
  L-ascorbate utilization (and related gene clusters) 9
  L-fucose utilization 7
  L-fucose utilization temp 1
  L-rhamnose utilization 13
  Mannose Metabolism 5
  Xylose utilization 9
Carbohydrates : One-carbon Metabolism One-carbon metabolism by tetrahydropterines 4
  Serine-glyoxylate cycle 20
Carbohydrates : Organic acids Isobutyryl-CoA to Propionyl-CoA Module 1
  Lactate utilization 7
  Methylcitrate cycle 5
  Propionate-CoA to Succinate Module 4
  Propionyl-CoA to Succinyl-CoA Module 1
Carbohydrates : Polysaccharides Glycogen metabolism 7
Carbohydrates : Sugar alcohols Di-Inositol-Phosphate biosynthesis 1
  Ethanolamine utilization 17
  Glycerol and Glycerol-3-phosphate Uptake and Utilization 15
  Glycerol fermenation to 1,3-propanediol 1
  Mannitol Utilization 7
  Propanediol utilization 1
  Ribitol, Xylitol, Arabitol, Mannitol and Sorbitol utilization 4
Cell Division and Cell Cycle Bacterial Cytoskeleton 20
  Control of cell elongation - division cycle in Bacilli 1
  Macromolecular synthesis operon 5
  MukBEF Chromosome Condensation 5
  Two cell division clusters relating to chromosome partitioning 6
Cell Wall and Capsule Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis 26
  UDP-N-acetylmuramate from Fructose-6-phosphate Biosynthesis 7
Cell Wall and Capsule : Capsular and extracellular polysacchrides Alginate metabolism 4
  CMP-N-acetylneuraminate Biosynthesis 2
  Capsular heptose biosynthesis 6
  Colanic acid biosynthesis 22
  O-Methyl Phosphoramidate Capsule Modification in Campylobacter 1
  Polysaccharide deacetylases 2
  Rhamnose containing glycans 3
  Sialic Acid Metabolism 18
  dTDP-rhamnose synthesis 2
Cell Wall and Capsule : Cell wall of Mycobacteria linker unit-arabinogalactan synthesis 3
  mycolic acid synthesis 10
Cell Wall and Capsule : Gram-Negative cell wall components KDO2-Lipid A biosynthesis 16
  LOS core oligosaccharide biosynthesis 15
  Lipid A-Ara4N pathway ( Polymyxin resistance ) 7
  Lipid A modifications 10
  Lipopolysaccharide-related cluster in Alphaproteobacteria 1
Cell Wall and Capsule : Gram-Positive cell wall components Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids biosynthesis 2
  Teichuronic acid biosynthesis 1
Clustering-based subsystems Bacterial Cell Division 23
  Bacterial RNA-metabolizing Zn-dependent hydrolases 8
  CBSS-214092.1.peg.3450 5
  CBSS-562.2.peg.5158 SK3 including 7
  Conserved gene cluster associated with Met-tRNA formyltransferase 14
  LMPTP YwlE cluster 3
  NusA-TFII Cluster 3
  Putative hemin transporter 4
  Putative sulfate assimilation cluster 1
Clustering-based subsystems : Clustering-based subsystems CBSS-262719.3.peg.410 2
Clustering-based subsystems : Lysine, threonine, methionine, and cysteine YeiH 3
Clustering-based subsystems : Type III secretion system related CBSS-343509.6.peg.2644 2
Clustering-based subsystems : Type III secretion system, extended Type III secretion systems, extended 22
Clustering-based subsystems : proteosome related Cluster-based Subsystem Grouping Hypotheticals - perhaps Proteosome Related 2
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments Thiamin biosynthesis 11
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Biotin Biotin biosynthesis 6
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Coenzyme A Coenzyme A Biosynthesis 10
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Folate and pterines Folate Biosynthesis 21
  Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis 16
  Pterin biosynthesis 2
  p-Aminobenzoyl-Glutamate Utilization 6
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Lipoic acid Lipoic acid metabolism 4
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : NAD and NADP NAD and NADP cofactor biosynthesis global 14
  NAD regulation 9
  PnuC-like transporters 3
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Pyridoxine Pyridoxin (Vitamin B6) Biosynthesis 13
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Quinone cofactors Menaquinone and Phylloquinone Biosynthesis 5
  Ubiquinone Biosynthesis 9
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Riboflavin, FMN, FAD Flavodoxin 4
  Riboflavin, FMN and FAD metabolism 3
Cofactors, Vitamins, Prosthetic Groups, Pigments : Tetrapyrroles Cobalamin synthesis 4
  Coenzyme B12 biosynthesis 9
  Experimental tye 13
  Heme and Siroheme Biosynthesis 14
DNA Metabolism DNA structural proteins, bacterial 8
  Restriction-Modification System 8
  YcfH 3
DNA Metabolism : CRISPs CRISPRs 2
DNA Metabolism : DNA recombination RuvABC plus a hypothetical 3
DNA Metabolism : DNA repair 2-phosphoglycolate salvage 5
  DNA Repair Base Excision 12
  DNA repair, UvrABC system 4
  DNA repair, bacterial 49
  DNA repair, bacterial DinG and relatives 2
  DNA repair, bacterial MutL-MutS system 2
  DNA repair, bacterial RecFOR pathway 11
  DNA repair, bacterial UvrD and related helicases 3
DNA Metabolism : DNA replication DNA-replication 47
  DNA replication, archaeal 1
  DNA topoisomerases, Type I, ATP-independent 3
  DNA topoisomerases, Type II, ATP-dependent 4
  Plasmid replication 2
Fatty Acids, Lipids, and Isoprenoids Polyhydroxybutyrate metabolism 2
Fatty Acids, Lipids, and Isoprenoids : Fatty acids Fatty Acid Biosynthesis FASII 19
Fatty Acids, Lipids, and Isoprenoids : Isoprenoids Archaeal lipids 1
  Isoprenoid Biosynthesis 8
  polyprenyl synthesis 6
Fatty Acids, Lipids, and Isoprenoids : Phospholipids Glycerolipid and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in Bacteria 35
Fatty Acids, Lipids, and Isoprenoids : Triacylglycerols Triacylglycerol metabolism 2
Iron acquisition and metabolism Campylobacter Iron Metabolism 5
  Heme, hemin uptake and utilization systems in GramPositives 2
  Hemin transport system 8
  Iron acquisition in Vibrio 15
  Transport of Iron 9
Iron acquisition and metabolism : Siderophores Siderophore Aerobactin 4
  Siderophore Enterobactin 10
Membrane Transport Choline Transport 3
  ECF class transporters 4
  Ton and Tol transport systems 16
  Transport of Manganese 2
  Transport of Molybdenum 5
  Transport of Nickel and Cobalt 6
  Transport of Zinc 6
Membrane Transport : ABC transporters ABC transporter alkylphosphonate (TC 3.A.1.9.1) 3
  ABC transporter branched-chain amino acid (TC 3.A.1.4.1) 5
  ABC transporter dipeptide (TC 3.A.1.5.2) 6
  ABC transporter oligopeptide (TC 3.A.1.5.1) 9
Membrane Transport : Protein and nucleoprotein secretion system, Type IV Type 4 conjugative transfer system, IncI1 type 1
  Type IV pilus 14
  pVir Plasmid of Campylobacter 3
Membrane Transport : Protein secretion system, Type III Type III secretion system orphans 2
Membrane Transport : Protein secretion system, Type VIII (Extracellular nucleation/precipitation pathway, ENP) Curli production 7
Membrane Transport : Protein translocation across cytoplasmic membrane Twin-arginine translocation system 5
Membrane Transport : Sugar Phosphotransferase Systems, PTS Fructose and Mannose Inducible PTS 3
Membrane Transport : Uni- Sym- and Antiporters Na(+) H(+) antiporter 1
Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds Benzoate transport and degradation cluster 1
  Gentisare degradation 4
Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds : Metabolism of central aromatic intermediates Central meta-cleavage pathway of aromatic compound degradation 1
  Homogentisate pathway of aromatic compound degradation 1
  Salicylate and gentisate catabolism 5
Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds : Peripheral pathways for catabolism of aromatic compounds Benzoate degradation 1
  Biphenyl Degradation 1
  Naphtalene and antracene degradation 1
  Phenylpropanoid compound degradation 3
  Quinate degradation 2
  n-Phenylalkanoic acid degradation 3
  p-Hydroxybenzoate degradation 2
Miscellaneous Muconate lactonizing enzyme family 1
  YaaA 1
  YbbK 2
  ZZ gjo need homes 12
Miscellaneous : Plant-Prokaryote DOE project Conserved gene cluster possibly involved in RNA metabolism 3
  Synechocystis experimental 1
Motility and Chemotaxis Bacterial Chemotaxis 16
Motility and Chemotaxis : Flagellar motility in Prokaryota Flagellar motility 16
  Flagellum 45
  Flagellum in Campylobacter 4
Nitrogen Metabolism Allantoin Utilization 13
  Ammonia assimilation 10
  Cyanate hydrolysis 5
  Dissimilatory nitrite reductase 1
  Nitrate and nitrite ammonification 28
  Nitric oxide synthase 1
  Nitrosative stress 6
Nucleosides and Nucleotides Adenosyl nucleosidases 1
  Ribonucleotide reduction 10
Nucleosides and Nucleotides : Detoxification Nudix proteins (nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases) 14
Nucleosides and Nucleotides : Purines De Novo Purine Biosynthesis 12
  Purine Utilization 11
  Purine conversions 22
  Purine nucleotide synthesis regulator 1
Nucleosides and Nucleotides : Pyrimidines De Novo Pyrimidine Synthesis 11
  Pyrimidine utilization 9
Phages, Prophages, Transposable elements : Bacteriophage structural proteins Phage capsid proteins 24
Phages, Prophages, Transposable elements, Plasmids : Pathogenicity islands Staphylococcal pathogenicity islands SaPI 4
  Vibrio pathogenicity island 1
Phages, Prophages, Transposable elements, Plasmids : Phages, Prophages IbrA and IbrB: co-activators of prophage gene expression 4
  Listeria phi-A118-like prophages 5
  Staphylococcal phi-Mu50B-like prophages 1
Phages, Prophages, Transposable elements, Plasmids : Transposable elements Tn552 1
Phosphorus Metabolism Alkylphosphonate utilization 12
  High affinity phosphate transporter and control of PHO regulon 9
  Phosphate metabolism 25
Potassium metabolism Glutathione-regulated potassium-efflux system and associated functions 5
  Potassium homeostasis 17
Protein Metabolism : Protein biosynthesis Ribosome LSU bacterial 29
  Ribosome SSU bacterial 19
  Ribosome activity modulation 4
  Ribosome biogenesis bacterial 13
  Trans-translation by stalled ribosomes 1
  Translation elongation factor G family 1
  Translation elongation factors eukaryotic and archaeal 1
  Translation initiation factors eukaryotic and archaeal 2
  Universal GTPases 15
  tRNA aminoacylation, Asp and Asn 2
  tRNA aminoacylation, Glu and Gln 2
Protein Metabolism : Protein degradation Proteasome bacterial 7
  Protein degradation 5
  Proteolysis in bacteria, ATP-dependent 15
  Putative TldE-TldD proteolytic complex 1
Protein Metabolism : Protein folding GroEL GroES 2
  Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase 3
  Periplasmic disulfide interchange 5
  Protein chaperones 11
Protein Metabolism : Protein processing and modification N-linked Glycosylation in Bacteria 1
  Ribosomal protein S12p Asp methylthiotransferase 3
  Ribosomal protein S5p acylation 2
  Signal peptidase 2
Protein Metabolism : Selenoproteins Glycine reductase, sarcosine reductase and betaine reductase 2
  Selenocysteine metabolism 4
RNA Metabolism : RNA processing and modification ATP-dependent RNA helicases, bacterial 3
  Polyadenylation bacterial 4
  Queuosine-Archaeosine Biosynthesis 16
  RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase 3
  RNA processing and degradation, bacterial 9
  Ribonuclease H 2
  Wyeosine-MimG Biosynthesis 3
  tRNA nucleotidyltransferase 1
  tRNA processing 10
RNA Metabolism : Transcription RNA polymerase bacterial 4
  Rrf2 family transcriptional regulators 2
  Transcription factors bacterial 10
  Transcription factors cyanobacterial RpoD-like sigma factors 1
  Transcription initiation, bacterial sigma factors 9
Regulation and Cell signaling CytR regulation 2
  DNA-binding regulatory proteins, strays 16
  Orphan regulatory proteins 19
  Pseudomonas quinolone signal PQS 1
  Sex pheromones in Enterococcus faecalis and other Firmicutes 4
  Stringent Response, (p)ppGpp metabolism 1
  Two-component regulatory systems in Campylobacter 3
  cAMP signaling in bacteria 14
Regulation and Cell signaling : Programmed Cell Death and Toxin-antitoxin Systems MazEF toxin-antitoxing (programmed cell death) system 4
  Murein hydrolase regulation and cell death 7
Regulation and Cell signaling : Quorum sensing and biofilm formation Autoinducer 2 (AI-2) transport and processing (lsrACDBFGE operon) 9
  Quorum Sensing: Autoinducer-2 Synthesis 1
  Quorum sensing regulation in Pseudomonas 1
Respiration Biogenesis of c-type cytochromes 11
  Biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidases 2
  Formate hydrogenase 15
  Soluble cytochromes and functionally related electron carriers 4
Respiration : ATP synthases F0F1-type ATP synthase 5
Respiration : Electron accepting reactions Anaerobic respiratory reductases 13
  Terminal cytochrome O ubiquinol oxidase 4
  Terminal cytochrome d ubiquinol oxidases 6
  Terminal cytochrome oxidases 10
  trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase 8
Respiration : Electron donating reactions Formate dehydrogenase 4
  Hydrogenases 7
  Membrane-bound Ni, Fe-hydrogenase 8
  Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase and rnf-like group of electron transport complexes 6
  NiFe hydrogenase maturation 8
  Respiratory Complex I 11
  Respiratory dehydrogenases 1 12
  Succinate dehydrogenase 8
Secondary Metabolism : Aromatic amino acids and derivatives Cinnamic Acid Degradation 12
Secondary Metabolism : Bacterial cytostatics, differentiation factors and antibiotics Phenazine biosynthesis 1
Secondary Metabolism : Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids Phenylpropionate Degradation 5
Secondary Metabolism : Plant Alkaloids Alkaloid biosynthesis from L-lysine 1
Secondary Metabolism : Plant Hormones Auxin biosynthesis 4
  Auxin degradation 2
Stress Response Bacterial hemoglobins 1
  Flavohaemoglobin 3
  Hfl operon 5
  Sugar-phosphate stress regulation 1
  Universal stress protein family 7
Stress Response : Acid stress Acid resistance mechanisms 6
Stress Response : Detoxification Glutathione-dependent pathway of formaldehyde detoxification 3
Stress Response : Heat shock Heat shock dnaK gene cluster extended 16
Stress Response : Osmotic stress Choline and Betaine Uptake and Betaine Biosynthesis 8
Stress Response : Oxidative stress Glutaredoxins 5
  Glutathione: Biosynthesis and gamma-glutamyl cycle 3
  Glutathione: Non-redox reactions 11
  Glutathione: Redox cycle 5
  Glutathionylspermidine and Trypanothione 4
  Oxidative stress 20
  Redox-dependent regulation of nucleus processes 5
Sulfur Metabolism Galactosylceramide and Sulfatide metabolism 2
  Sulfate reduction-associated complexes 1
  Sulfur oxidation 1
  Thioredoxin-disulfide reductase 6
Sulfur Metabolism : Organic sulfur assimilation Alkanesulfonate assimilation 9
  Alkanesulfonates Utilization 5
  Taurine Utilization 4
  Utilization of glutathione as a sulphur source 1
Virulence : Type III, Type IV, Type VI, ESAT secretion systems Type 4 secretion and conjugative transfer 5
Virulence, Disease and Defense : Detection MLST 6
Virulence, Disease and Defense : Invasion and intracellular resistance Listeria surface proteins: Internalin-like proteins 2
  Salmonella invasion locus 1
Virulence, Disease and Defense : Resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds Arsenic resistance 4
  Beta-lactamase 1
  Cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance 5
  Copper homeostasis 4
  Copper homeostasis: copper tolerance 4
  Methicillin resistance in Staphylococci 3
  Multidrug Resistance, Tripartite Systems Found in Gram Negative Bacteria 6
  Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps 15
  Multidrug efflux pump in Campylobacter jejuni (CmeABC operon) 7
  Resistance to fluoroquinolones 4
  Zinc resistance 3